There are two types of aortic aneurysm:
The aortic wall is made up of three layers. Weakness in the aortic wall can cause a tear in the inner layer, allowing blood to leak into the middle layer, and separating or dissecting the two layers.
Aortic dissections are divided into two types, depending upon the part of the aorta affected:
Type A: The tear occurs in the ascending aorta.
Type B: The tear occurs in the descending aorta.
An aortic dissection is a life-threatening condition that requires immediate treatment in the form of medical therapy or surgery depending upon the region of the aorta affected. Type A dissection would require emergency surgery, while type B dissection is usually monitored and managed with medication until it gets severe.
In an aortic dissection surgery, surgeon examines the dissected aorta and repairs the tear. The aorta is then reinforced with a graft (a tube made up of a synthetic material). The graft is then sutured in its place so that the blood flows through the graft.
If the valve controlling the unidirectional flow of blood from the heart to the aorta is damaged, it is also repaired or replaced.
Endovascular aortic repair is a minimally invasive procedure that requires only a small surgical incision in the groin. With specially designed instruments, your surgeon repairs the aortic wall and introduces a stent graft (a polyester tube within a metal cylinder). Under the guidance of X-rays, your surgeon inserts a catheter (thin long tube) with the stent attached at its end into the femoral artery in the groin and advances it to the weakened portion of the aorta. The stent is expanded at the region of the defect, so that the blood flows through the stent graft avoiding the dissection. This repairs the leakage and avoids pressure on the aorta.
Many factors can damage the walls of your aorta and cause an aortic diseases, such as: